Medieval Farming Glossary

Medieval Farming glossary

Medieval Farming terms

Bailiff /Reeve– Top peasant who was the lord's manager. The bailiff helped oversee the villeins’ work, the profits and expenses of the manor and farm.  The term mayor and sheriff also originates from this term. The reeve made sure the villeins and serfs worked for the lord, started their work on time and did not cheat the lord out of any money.

Serf/ Villein – a peasant who was not free. They worked on the lord’s land and did certain jobs for him in return for the use of some land for himself. A villein was bound to work on a certain manor.

Manor – all the land owned by the lord in a medieval village which included the fields, the common land and the woodland.

The Manor house – the main house owned by the lord of the manor

Demesne (pronounced “domain”) – the best land in the manor for the Lord to farm.

Freeman – Serfs could escape the manor and live in a city for a year and a day and become a freeman.  That is where the saying "city air makes one free" originates.  Freeman on the farm were peasants who paid the lord to farm their land. They did not have to work for the lord every week like the serfs/villains, but did have to help out at busy times of the year and pay to use the lord’s oven and his mill. They could be thrown off the land if the lord had enough serfs to farm the land.

The Hayward – The peasant who looked after the cows

The Shepherd – The peasant who looked after the sheep

The swineherd – The peasant who looked after the pigs

Crops – the plants grown by the farmers which commonly included wheat and barley.  Look at three field system notes.

Harvest – Gathering in the crops from the fields when they are ready. Reaping is the cutting of the grain for harvest, using a scythe or sickle. Completed in the fall, the Octoberfest would follow.

Ploughing – This is when the top layers of soil are cut open, and turned over to bring nutrients to the surface and to allow air to enter, usually done around Groundhog's day also called Candlemas.(rows were blessed by local priest) 

Harrowing – Used to break up the earth even more than ploughing and also used to cover the seeds after sowing.

Sowing – The process of planting the seeds in the fields.  Seeds scattered throughout the fields.

Fallow - the land that is left to rest and not farmed for a year so the nutrients can be replaced.

Furrow – long lines made in the fields after ploughing.

Open field system/Three field system – the system by which the manor was split into three or four big unfenced fields which were in turn divided up into strips farmed by the peasants

Week of November 25, 2013

Happy Thanksgiving on Thursday.
We have a short week, so it is a good time to catch up before Thanksgiving vacation.
We will look at how the Vikings ended the Carolingian Renaissance and how chaos returned to Western Europe from 800-1000 AD.
There was one area that did not experience chaos and disorder; that was in the Muslim world.

Due Tuesday:
10(3) Muslim Civilizations Golden Age 317-323
Identify the terms, people, and places.
Answer Thinking Critically questions #1+2 on page 321.
Answer Thinking Critically questions #1+2 on page 323.
Explain how Arabic numerals (picture 322) in Eastern Muslim Regions differed from Modern Western Arabic numerals. Who most likely brought Arabic numerals to Europe?
Answer questions #3-5 on page 322 OR the checkpoint questions in complete sentences.

Due next Tuesday
8(3) The Crusades and the wider world (255-260)
Identify the terms, people, and places
Read witness history (255)What did the Franks do to the Saracens when they captured Jerusalem?
Look at the map on page 257, answer questions #2+3.
Look at the picture on 258, why did the Moslem leader Saladin open Jerusalem to the Christians?
Look at the infographic on page 259, what three religions hold Jerusalem sacred?
Answer the four Checkpoint questions or questions #3-6 in complete sentences.

Week of November 18, 2013

Current event this week is due by Friday
Homework club meets in room 218  on Tuesday and Thursday after school.  I will be there Thursday to review for Friday's quiz.

Two essay questions on Friday's quiz:

1. Explain how Charlemagne briefly reunited much of Western Europe and what happened to his empire after his death.

2. Analyze how the power of the Church grew during the Middle Ages and how reformers worked for change in the Church.

Due  Tuesday

Chapter 7(4) Economic Recovery Sparks Change. (p. 231-236)
Identify the terms, people, and places.

Answer map skills questions #1+2 on page 232.
Answer the primary source question on page 233, and the question on Medieval Advertising on the picture on page 235.
Why should ice hockey players be interested in the primary source on page 236?
Answer the four checkpoint questions in complete sentences OR answer questions #3-6 on page 236.

Due Wednesday:   10 Point Take Home Test Grade Medieval Timeline assigned last Thursday

Due Thursday
8(5): A Time of Crisis (269-273)
Identify the terms, people, and places.
Answer Map Skills questions #2+3 on page 271.
Answer Thinking Critically questions #1+2 on page 272.
Answer the three checkpoint questions OR answer questions #3-5 on page 273.

Due next Tuesday:
10(3) Muslim Civilizations Golden Age 317-323
Identify the terms, people, and places.
Answer Thinking Critically questions #1+2 on page 321.
Answer Thinking Critically questions #1+2 on page 323.
Explain how Arabic numerals (picture 322) in Eastern Muslim Regions differed from Modern Western Arabic numerals. Who most likely brought Arabic numerals to Europe?
Answer questions #3-5 on page 322 OR the checkpoint questions in complete sentences.
 

Middle Ages : Objectives

 Objectives:  What you need to know about the Medieval Period of history (476 AD-1453 AD)

1.     Explain how Charlemagne briefly reunited much of Western Europe and what happened to his empire after his death.

2.     Explain how feudalism shaped medieval society.

3.     Analyze how the power of the Church grew during the Middle Ages and how reformers worked for change in the Church.

4. Summarize how new technologies sparked an agricultural revolution.

5. Explain how the Black Death caused social and economic change in the High Middle Ages.

Week of November 12, 2013

Homework club meets Tuesday and Thursday (late bus days) in room 218.  I will be there on Thursday to review before Friday's quiz

Essay question on Friday's quiz:; Rank order and explain what is most necessary for a civilization to survive and to thrive:  Prosperity, Security, or Freedom. 

Due last Week

Chapter 7: The Rise of Europe 500 AD-1300 AD
Read 7(1) The Early Middle Ages (p214-218),
· Identify the terms, people, and places listed on page 214.
· Answer the Focus Question on page 214,
· Map Skills question #3 on page 215,
Map Skills question #2 on page 217.
· Answer the three checkpoint questions in complete sentences OR answer #3-5 on page 218 in complete questions

7(2) Feudalism and the Manor Economy (219-224)
· Identify the terms, people, and places.
· Answer the focus question on page 219.
Answer Thinking Critically questions 1+2 on page 221,
Answer the biography question on Eleanor of Aquitaine on page 222.
Answer the question on the picture Back Breaking Labor, page 224.
Also, answer the three checkpoint questions OR questions # 3,4,5 on page 224 in complete sentences.

Due Wednesday
7(3) The Medieval Church (225-230)
Identify the terms, people, and places.
Answer the Thinking Critically questions on page 227,
Answer the biography question on St. Francis of Assisi on page 229,
Answer preserving Jewish Culture on page 230.
· Answer the three checkpoint questions OR questions 3,4,5 on page 230 in complete sentences.

Due next Tuesday
Chapter 7(4) Economic Recovery Sparks Change. (p. 231-236)
Identify the terms, people, and places.

Answer map skills questions #1+2 on page 232.
Answer the primary source question on page 233, and the question on Medieval Advertising on the picture on page 235.
Why should ice hockey players be interested in the primary source on page 236?
Answer the four checkpoint questions in complete sentences OR answer questions #3-6 on page 236.

 

Week of November 4, 2013

Next Monday is Veteran's Day,  why is it November 11th?
Current event term two week 1 (2-1) due by the end of the week.
Homework club meets in room 218 on Tuesday and Thursday after school.
Be ready for a quiz Friday on material covered this week.

Assigned last week, now  due  Tuesday
5(5) The Long Decline page 173-177.
Identify the terms, people, and places.
Read Witness History (173) List three reason Rome was weakening.
Read Redefining the Empire (174) What were the political reforms of Diocletian and Constantine? What is happening to the Christian pictured on page 175?
Look at the chart on p.175, when do the number of Christians exceed 3 milllion people?
List the 5 reasons given for the fall of Rome on page 176-177.
Answer three checkpoint questions in complete sentences OR questions #3,4,5 (177)   

Homework due Thursday
Chapter 7: The Rise of Europe 500 AD-1300 AD
Read 7(1) The Early Middle Ages (p214-218),
· Identify the terms, people, and places listed on page 214.
· Answer the Focus Question on page 214,
· Map Skills question #3 on page 215,
Map Skills question #2 on page 217.
· Answer the three checkpoint questions in complete sentences OR answer #3-5 on page 218 in complete questions

Homework due Thursday

7(2) Feudalism and the Manor Economy (219-224)
· Identify the terms, people, and places.
· Answer the focus question on page 219.
Answer Thinking Critically questions 1+2 on page 221,
Answer the biography question on Eleanor of Aquitaine on page 222.
Answer the question on the picture Back Breaking Labor, page 224.
Also, answer the three checkpoint questions OR questions # 3,4,5 on page 224 in complete sentences.

Due next Tuesday
7(3) The Medieval Church (225-230)
Identify the terms, people, and places.
Answer the Thinking Critically questions on page 227,
Answer the biography question on St. Francis of Assisi on page 229,
Answer preserving Jewish Culture on page 230.
· Answer the three checkpoint questions OR questions 3,4,5 on page 230 in complete  sentences.